Introduction India is entering an important phase in pharmaceutical manufacturing, with increasing attention on domestic API production, supply chain resilience, advanced manufacturing and global competitiveness. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, or APIs, are the key substances responsible for the therapeutic action of medicines. Their availability directly influences the production of finished pharmaceutical formulations. India has traditionally been a major global pharmaceutical manufacturing hub , but dependence on imported APIs, Key Starting Materials (KSMs) and Drug Intermediates (DIs) has highlighted the need for a stronger domestic supply base. In response, the Indian government has introduced several initiatives designed to expand local manufacturing capacity and reduce supply vulnerabilities. As of December 2025, 38 projects covering 28 notified products had been commissioned under the PLI scheme for bulk drugs, creating approximately 56,800 tonnes per year of domestic m...